洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《宇宙》,1969 / 榛树枝,地图,纸 / 树枝:350.5 x 48.3 x 55.9cm,鸟:30.5 x 33cm,整体尺寸可变
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通
早年创作
玛丽安 · 古德曼纽约画廊非常荣幸举办洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通(Lothar Baumgarten,1944-2018)个展。展览已于1月9日开幕,并将持续至2月15日。
艺术家逝世前曾深度参与策划此次展览。“洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通:早年创作”(Lothar Baumgarten: The Early Years)聚焦其风格确立时期的一批作品,以此向艺术家致敬。作为德国最重要的艺术家之一,鲍姆嘉通影响了其后整整一代艺术家。自1985年至今,他一直由玛丽安 · 古德曼画廊代理。
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 个展“早年创作”现场 / 玛丽安 · 古德曼纽约画廊,2019洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《温室(圭亚那)》,1969-1972/2012 / 金属框架结构,玻璃,紫叶甘蓝,飞蛾,泥土,霓虹灯管 / 150 x 150 x 120cm
鲍姆嘉通1977和1978年初赴南美,与当地土著部落亚诺玛米人(Yanomami)一起生活,这段经历如今被视为其传奇之旅。展览汇集的作品年代更早,为艺术家1968至1977年间在莱茵兰地区创作,七十年代末起艺术家广为人知的作品中的风格在这一时期已初现端倪。早期的鲍姆嘉通建立了一套贯穿其全部创作的视觉语言,也因此迅速受到瞩目并走入大众视野,例如参加1972年哈罗德 · 史泽曼(Harald Szeemann)策划的第五届卡塞尔文献展。
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《蚊子》,1969 / 面包,鸽子羽毛 / 面包:每块5.1 x 9.5 x 3.8cm,插羽毛的面包:每块5.1 x 10.8 x 22.2cm,整体尺寸可变
个展“早年创作”现场 / 玛丽安 · 古德曼纽约画廊,2019
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《蚊子》局部,1969 / 面包,鸽子羽毛 / 面包:每块5.1 x 9.5 x 3.8cm,插羽毛的面包:每块5.1 x 10.8 x 22.2cm,整体尺寸可变
鲍姆嘉通从小在科隆长大,经历了二战的最后几年。由于父亲是民族志学者,他很早便熟知比较文化研究,并且自一开始就对人类学的方法及其分类原则充满兴趣。有关文化差异的思想、认知和表现形式无一不体现着这些原则。
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《船舶型线图》,1969 / 彩色木板,铅,烟画,玻璃柜 / 玻璃柜:96.5 x 280.4 x 70.2cm,83张烟画:每张3.5 x 5.7cm,彩色木板:每块21 x 21 x 0.6cm个展“早年创作”现场 / 玛丽安 · 古德曼纽约画廊,2019洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《船舶型线图》局部,1969 / 彩色木板,铅,烟画,玻璃柜 / 玻璃柜:96.5 x 280.4 x 70.2cm,83张烟画:每张3.5 x 5.7cm,彩色木板:每块21 x 21 x 0.6cm
六十年代末,鲍姆嘉通在杜塞尔多夫艺术学院(Dusseldorf art academy)学习,师从约瑟夫 · 博伊斯(Joseph Beuys)。当时的他以艺术家身份创作了第一批作品,发觉自己身处的文化环境由一种后法西斯时代的先锋精神(post-fascist pioneering spirit)主导,并在莱茵兰地区催生了一片活跃而独特的艺术景象。鲍姆嘉通很快便发展出一套深受观念主义影响的独特艺术语言。当时流行的观念主义脱离了将记忆本身及其与德国法西斯过往难以挣脱的联系进行“景观化”(spectacularization)的趋势。对此,德国艺术史学家本雅明 · H · D · 布赫洛(Benjamin H.D.Buchloh)写道:“1960年代后期,德国精神分析学家亚历山大 · 米切利希(Alexander Mitscherlich)断定整个国家处于一种无力哀悼的集体状态。脱离德国的这一状态,把对死亡的沉思转移到生存受到威胁甚至濒临灭绝的部落人群身上,可以说,在此过程中,哀悼是经由转移而产生的。”
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《另一面的自我》,1969 / C print / 摄影:54.6 x 81.3cm,装框:66.7 x 84.5 x 4.1cm
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《Urucu 'Bixa Orellana L.'》,1969 / C print / 摄影:71 x 83.2cm从始至终,在鲍姆嘉通的艺术实践中,媒介均呈现高度的开放和自由。他通过摄影、素描、雕塑、装置、幻灯投影、电影和文字等方式表达,并从法国民族志学者及人类学家克洛德 · 列维—斯特劳斯(Claude Levi-Strauss)的结构主义分析中汲取灵感,试图在艺术创作中追溯和折射出在西方影响下构建的观点。鲍姆嘉通认为“自己虽受困于西方思维模式,但一直对‘他者’充满好奇”,而且“若不了解另一种文化,便无法反映出自己的文化环境”。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《蚂蚁社会》,1968 / C print / 摄影:54.6 x 81.3cm,装框:66.7 x 84.5 x 4.1cm
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《Conquista Rochade》,1971 / C print / 摄影:54.6 x 81.3cm,装框:66.7 x 84.5 x 4.1cm在画廊北厅展出的一系列彩色摄影作品,选自1968 至1972年的《文化—自然(被操控的现实)》(Culture-Nature(Manipulated Reality))系列,以及记录艺术家的临时在地雕塑的一批黑白摄影,其中包括他在离家不远的莱茵河谷湿地搭建和拍摄的作品。当把爬行动物和水池,丛林和甘蓝,金字塔和鼹鼠丘放置在一起,意义和表现形式是如此脆弱,结构主义的二元性是如此显而易见,一目了然。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《画着飞机的地图》,1968-69 / 颜料,折叠的地图 / 作品:42.9 x 42.5cm,装框:60.6 x 59.4 x 2.5cm洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《梦中素描》,1968 / 纸上墨水及铅笔画 / 作品:29.8 x 42.2cm,装框:47.6 x 58.7 x 2.5cm
纸本作品《画着飞机的地图》(Map with Planes,1968)和《分子II》(Molecules II,1968)依旧表现的是战争中的轰炸,而《梦中素描》(Dream Drawing,1968)中的神秘生物似乎开始暗示在人的潜意识某处有一种超现实主义式的逃避。
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《Makunaima》,1971 / C print / 作品:103.82 x 78.11 x 4.13cm洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《温室(圭亚那)》,1969-1972/2012 / 金属框架结构,玻璃,紫叶甘蓝,飞蛾,泥土,霓虹灯管 / 150 x 150 x 120cm
在微观雕塑《温室(圭亚那)》(Conservatories (Guyana),1969 - 1972/2012)中, 鲍姆嘉通把家乡本地产的紫叶甘蓝和一种飞蛾组合在一起,创造出一个自给自足的生态环境,并以圭亚那(毗邻亚马逊盆地,其热带雨林仍保持完好)命名,以此瓦解欧洲和非欧洲文化之间的距离。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《VW do Brazil》,1973-74 / C print / 摄影:82.5 x 109.2cm,装框:109.5 x 133.3 x 5.1cm洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《四面体(金字塔)》,1968 / 颜料堆 / 35 x 40 x 40cm作品《金字塔》(Pyramids,1968/1982/2020)将画廊的北陈列厅变成了一处彩色模型景观。地板上的雕塑可能会令人联想到画家伊夫 · 克莱因(Yves Klein)或鲍姆嘉通的朋友布林基 · 巴勒莫(Blinky Palermo),而金字塔则暗指古老的高雅文化、脆弱性和短暂性。在该作品最初创作的年代,科隆迎来了世界首个艺术博览会,鲍姆嘉通深感将面对市场准则日益加强的制约,而这些临时雕塑正是他对此的回应。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《悬而未决的物品》,1968-69 / 幻灯投影 / 81张35毫米彩色图片,14分50秒
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《悬而未决的物品》,1968-69 / 幻灯投影 / 81张35毫米彩色图片,14分50秒
在画廊南厅展出的幻灯投影作品《悬而未决的物品》(Unsettled Objects,1969)中的81张照片拍摄于牛津的皮特 · 里弗斯博物馆(Pitt Rivers Museum),直观地呈现了欧洲博物馆是如何展示和保存民族学和人类学方面的藏品。在这件作品中鲍姆嘉通首次加入文字。艺术家选取的动词和副词似乎在对图像本身以及分门别类和保存等科学活动进行评论和质疑,是较早出现的一种对批判体制的认同。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《黑夜的起源》,1973-77 / 16毫米彩色影片转制蓝光及数码拷贝 / 102分钟,环绕立体声洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《黑夜的起源》,1973-77 / 16毫米彩色影片转制蓝光及数码拷贝 / 102分钟,环绕立体声近两个小时的电影《黑夜的起源(亚马逊宇宙)》(The Origin of The Night(Amazon Cosmos),1973-77)借鉴了南美土著图皮族的神话,是一场对热带雨林的沉思,拍摄地点却在杜塞尔多夫机场附近的莱茵河边。电影中,昼与夜、新旧世界、自然和文化的二分对立,以令人沉醉的方式徐徐展开。直到片尾字幕处,艺术家才揭开了影片中那些扣人心弦、富有诗意的画面源于何地。艺评家玛格丽特 · 桑德尔(Margaret Sundell)对这部电影的评价也可用于描述鲍姆嘉通的整个艺术实践:“他的作品‘显然也是一座符号森林’。”
1984年,洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通代表德国参加了第41届威尼斯双年展,并获得金狮奖。他的作品也曾参加第五、七、九以及十届卡塞尔文献展(1972年,1982年,1992年,1997年)。过去的十年中,艺术家曾在多地举办个展,其中包括:马德里的索菲娅王后国家艺术中心博物馆水晶宫(2016)、西班牙桑坦德的博廷艺术基金会 (2012)、德国埃森的弗柯望博物馆(2011)、奥地利布雷根茨的奥地利布雷根茨美术馆(2009)、巴塞罗那的巴塞罗那当代艺术博物馆(2008)以及德国克莱沃的柯豪斯艺术博物馆(2006)。洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《分水岭(Caribana/Canibali的文字地貌)(当地河流名称,大萨瓦纳地区,委内瑞拉)》,1977 / 墙壁画,5-7只吊床 / 尺寸可变艺术家近年参加的群展包括:米兰当代艺术研究所举办的“Apologia della storia—历史学家的行业”(Apologia della storia-The historian’s craft,2019);厄瓜多尔第十四届昆卡双年展“鲜活的结构/艺术作为一种多重体验”(Living Structures / Art as a Plural Experience,2018);巴西圣保罗绘画陈列馆举办的“起源的发明”(Invention of Origin,2018);西班牙桑坦德博廷艺术中心的“重置的风景”(The Reconfigured Landscape,2018);德国美因茨美术馆群展“FORSTER, 1754-2015”(参展艺术家包括:洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通、卡米耶 · 昂罗、弗里德曼 · 冯 · 斯托克豪森);哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳双年展(2014);慕尼黑艺术之家的“地球的尽头,大地艺术1974”(Ends of the Earth, Land Art to 1974,2013);洛杉矶当代艺术博物馆群展(2013)等。
洛泰尔 · 鲍姆嘉通 / 《碎片巴西 / Vom Ursprung der Tischsitten, 独版》,1971-2005 / 同步多屏幻灯投影;648张幻灯片,8个投影仪;45分钟,装置;1张木桌,2块缎面桌布,4张餐巾,8个白盘子,8根金刚鹦鹉羽毛,8根豪猪刺 / 幻灯投影尺寸可变
鲍姆嘉通曾获德国埃森的mfi艺术与建筑大奖(mfi Award,2003);德国汉堡的里希瓦克奖(lichtwark Prize,1997);意大利威尼斯双年展最高奖项金狮奖(The Golde Lion,1984);德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州立奖(prize of the State of Nordhein-Westfalen,1976);德国杜塞尔多夫市立奖(prize of the City of Dusseldorf,1974)。
Lothar Baumgarten
The Early Years
Marian Goodman Gallery New York
9 January 2020 - 15 February 2020
Marian Goodman Gallery is pleased to announce an exhibition by Lothar Baumgarten (1944–2018) which, opened on Thursday, 9 January, is on view through Saturday, 15 February.Created in close collaboration with the artist before his passing, the exhibition “Lothar Baumgarten: The Early Years” focuses on the formative works that shaped his oeuvre. The exhibition is an homage to one of the most important German artists who influenced a subsequent generation, and whom Marian Goodman has represented since 1985.“Lothar Baumgarten: The Early Years” focuses on the years before his now legendary first journeys to South America in 1977 and 1978 to live with the indigenous Yanomami people. The show assembles works from 1968–1977, which were conceived in the Rhineland and seem to anticipate many of the artist’s better-known works from the late 1970s on. In this early period, Baumgarten established a visual vocabulary that would inform his entire oeuvre and quickly brought him recognition and introduced him to a wide public, including in 1972 in the Harald Szeemann-curated documenta 5.Born the son of an ethnographer and raised in Cologne during the final years of WWII, Lothar Baumgarten was familiar early on with the study of comparative cultures and, from the beginning, interested in the methods of anthropology and their ordering principles that inform the thought, perception, and representation of cultural difference.When Baumgarten studied under Joseph Beuys at the Düsseldorf art academy in the late 1960s and created his first works as an artist, he found himself in a cultural milieu dominated by a post-fascist pioneering spirit that gave rise to a unique and active art scene in the Rhineland. Baumgarten quickly developed a distinct language informed by the then prevalent conceptualism that broke away from the “spectacularization’ of memory and memory’s inextricable intertwinement with Germany’s fascist past.” On that note, Benjamin H. D. Buchloh continues: “One could argue that turning away from Germany’s inability to mourn – diagnosed by Alexander Mitscherlich in the late 1960s as a collective condition – and transposing the contemplation of loss onto tribal people whose existence is under duress, if not mortally imperiled, is a project in which mourning is conducted by transposition.”Lothar Baumgarten’s artistic practice was from the outset characterized by a great openness and freedom in terms of media. By means of photographs, drawings, sculptures, installations, slide projections, films and texts and inspired by the structuralist analyses of the ethnographer and anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, the artist sought to trace and reflect Western-influenced myths in his art. “Though trapped in my Western thought patterns, I have always been interested in the ‘Other,’” Lothar Baumgarten noted. “I thought I couldn’t reflect my own cultural context without knowing another one.”
On view in the North Gallery is a selection of Lothar Baumgarten’s color photographs from the 1968–72 series Culture-Nature (Manipulated Reality), as well as a number of black-and-white photographs mostly of ephemeral sculptural interventions, including some the artist staged and photographed in the Rheinaue wetlands not far from his home. As a reptile meets a sink, jungle meets kale, and pyramids meet molehills, it also becomes clear how fragile meaning and representation are and how apparent the structuralist binarism is. While the works on paper of Map with Planes (1968) and Molecules II (1968) still evoke the bombings of the war, the mythical creature in Dream Drawing (c. 1968) seems to hint for the first time at a surrealistic escape in the elsewhere of the unconscious.In his miniature hothouse sculpture Conservatories (Guyana) (1969–72/2012), Baumgarten combines kale, a variety indigenous to the artist’s home region, with a genus of moth, thereby collapsing the distance between European and non-European cultures by creating a self-sustaining environment while referencing Guyana, a region of undisturbed tropical rainforest bordering the Amazon Basin.With Pyramids (1968/1982/2020), Lothar Baumgarten has transformed the North Viewing Room into a model color scape parcours. While the floor sculpture may evoke painterly references to Yves Klein or his friend Blinky Palermo, the pyramids suggest archaic high culture, fragility and transience. The ephemeral sculptures were Baumgarten’s response to the growing market conformity he felt exposed to with the advent of the first art fair in Cologne.The 1969 slide projection Unsettled Objects in the South Gallery uses eighty-one photographs of the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford to visualize how European museums present and store their ethnological and anthropological treasures. This projection was Baumgarten’s first text piece. As an early nod to an institution-critical gesture, the verbs and adverbs seem to comment on and call into question not only the images, but also the scientific activities of classification, categorization and conservation.The nearly two-hour film The Origin of The Night (Amazon Cosmos) (1973–77), which references a myth of the indigenous Tupi people, is a meditation on the South American rain forest that was filmed in its entirety along the Rhine near Düsseldorf Airport. In it, the dichotomies of day and night, new and old worlds, and nature and culture unfold glacially and immersively. Only at the very end, in the film’s closing credits, does Baumgarten reveal where the compelling and poetic images of The Origin of the Night were shot. What critic Margaret Sundell said about the film can also be used to describe Lothar Baumgarten’s overall practice: “His work ‘is also quite clearly a forest of symbols’.”— PHILIPP KAISER, December 2019Lothar Baumgarten represented Germany at the 41st Venice Biennale in 1984, where he was awarded the Golden Lion. His work has also been shown at documenta 5 (1972), 7 (1982), 9 (1992), and 10 (1997).Solo exhibitions have been held over the past decade at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina, Palacio de Cristal, Madrid, Spain (2016); Botin Foundation, Santander, Spain (2012); Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany (2011); Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria (2009); Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA), Spain (2008), and Museum Kurhaus, Kleve (2006).Other recent group exhibitions include “Apologia della storia – The historian's craft”, ICA Milano, Italy (2019); “Living Structures / Art as a Plural Experience”, XIV Cuenca Biennial, Ecuador (2018); “Invention of Origin”, Pinacoteca do Estado Sao Paulo, Brazil (2018), and “The Reconfigured Landscape”, Centro Botín, Santander, Spain (2018); “FORSTER, 1754 – 2015 (Lothar Baumgarten, Camille Henrot, Friedemann von Stockhausen)”, Kunsthalle Mainz, Germany (2015); the Cartagena Biennale, Cartagena, Colombia (2014); and “Ends of the Earth, Land Art to 1974”, Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (2013) and The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2012), California, among others.Lothar Baumgarten was the recipient of the mfi Award, Kunst und Bau, Essen, Germany (2003); the Lichtwark Prize, City of Hamburg (1997); The Golden Lion, First Prize of the Venice Biennale, Italy (1984); the prize of the State of Nordhein-Westfalen (1976); and the prize of the City of Düsseldorf, Germany (1974).
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